IMPORTANT TRIADS IN MEDICINE

IMPORTANT TRIADS IN MEDICINE

►TRIAD OF ALPORT'S SYNDROME --

• SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS,

• PROGRESSIVE RENAL FAILURE,

• OCULAR ANOMALIES

►TRIAD OF BEHCET'S SYNDROME --

• RECURRENT ORAL ULCERS,

• GENITAL ULCERS,

• IRIDOCYCLITIS.

►BECK'S TRIAD --

• MUFFLED HEART SOUND,

• DISTENDED NECK VEINS,

• HYPOTENSION.

►CHARCOT'S TRIAD --

• PAIN+FEVER+JAUNDICE

►GRADENIGO'S TRIAD -

• SIXTH CRANIAL N. PALSY,

• PERSISTANT EAR DISCHARGE,

• DEEP SEATED RETRO-ORBITAL PAIN

►Triad Of Hypernephroma --

• pain+

• hematuria+

• renal Mass

. ►Triad of Wilm's tumor:

• Fever +

• Mass +

• Hematuria

►Hutchinson's Triad ---

• Hutchison's Teeth,

• Interstitial Keratitis,

• Nerve Deafness.

►Triad Of Kwashiorkar-

• Growth Retardation,

• Mental Changes,

• Edema.

►Saint's Triad ---

• Gall Stones,

• Diverticulosis,

• Hiatus Hernia.

►Trotter's Triad --

• Conductive Deafness,

• Immobility Of Homolateral Soft Palate,

• Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Mnemonic: NPC- neuralgia, palatal paralysis, conductive 

deafness

►VIRCHOW'S TRIAD --

• STASIS+

• HYPERCOAGULABILTY+

• VESSEL INJURY.

►SAMTER'S TRIAD --

• ASPIRIN SENSITIVITY,

• BRONCHIAL ASTHMA,

• NASAL POLYP.

►Grancher's triad--

• lessened vesicular quality of breathing,

• skodaic resonance, and

• increased vocal fremitus; seen in early pulmonary tuberculosis.

►Osler's triad--

• telangiectasis,

• capillary fragility, and

• hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis seen in hereditary

hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

►BARTTER'S SYNDROME -

• METABOLIC ALKALOSIS,

• HYPOKALEMIA,

• NORMAL OR DECREASED BP.

►Weil's Disease--

• Hepatorenal Damage,

• Bleeding Diathesis,

• Pyrexia.

►Meniere's Disease --

• Vertigo,

• Tinnitus,

• Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

►Melkersson Rosenthal Syndrome--

•recurrent Facial Palsy,

•Plication Of Tongue,

•Facial Edema.

►Parkinsonism--

•Rigidity,

•Tremor

•Hypokinasia

►Cushing's traid --

•Bradycardia,

•hypertension &

•irregular respirations in increased intracranial

pressure.

►Kartagener’s Syndrome--

•bronchiectasis,

•Recurrent sinusitis, and

•Situs inversus.

►Hemobilia(Triad of Sandblom)--

•Malena,

•Obstructive jaundice,

•Biliary colic.

►Murphy's triad(in order)-

•Pain,

•Vomitting,

•Fever.

►WHIPPLE'S TRIAD Of INSULINOMA--

•HYPOGLYCAEMIA DURING ATTACKS,

•S.GLUCOSE <40 mg%,

•PROMPT RELIEF ON GLUCOSE ADMINISTRATION.

►Triad of HUS

•hemolytic anemia +

•acute renal failure +

•thrombocytopenia

►Triad of alkaptonuria

•Homogentistic aciduria

• Black pigmentation of cartilage and collagenous tissue

•Ochronotic arthritis

►Classic triad of Chronic mercury poisoning

•Excessive salivation and gingivitis

•Tremors

•Neuropsychiatric changes

►Adams triad or Hakim's triad for Normal Pressure 

•Hydrocephalus

•urinary incontinence,

•gait disturbance, and dementia

►Bezold's triad: Three symptomatic indications of 

otosclerosis:

•diminished aural perception of low frequency tones,

• retarded bone conduction,

• negative Rinne test

►Hand-Schüller-Christian disease triad of

•exophthalmos,

•lytic bone lesions (often in the skull), and

•diabetes insipidus

►UNHAPPY TRIAD

An unhappy triad (or terrible triad, "horrible triangle",

O'Donoghue's triad or a "blown knee") is an injury to the

anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and

the meniscus. The triad refers to a complete or partial tear of

the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament,

and the meniscus.

►Dieulafoy's triad:

•hyperesthesia of the skin,

•exquisite tenderness and

•guarding over McBurney's point, considered a classic sign

of acute appendicitis

►Vogt Triad of tuberus sclerosis: Mental Retardation

Adenoma Sebaceum Seizures

►Miller fisher syndrome:Variant of GBS. It usually affects the

eye muscles first and presents with the triad of 

•ophthalmoplegia, •ataxia, and •areflexia.

►Classic triad of Wernicke encephalopathy are 

•encephalopathy, •ataxic gait, •ophthalmoplegia!

►Carney Triad :::

•gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (these are now known to 

actually be malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors),

• pulmonary chondroma, and

•extra-adrenal paraganglioma. .

►Atta's triad of bilharzial dysentery:-.

•Bleeding per rectum.

•Polyposis.

•Clubbing of fingers

►Loeys-Dietz syndrome is phenotypically distinct from 

Marfan syndrome... Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an aggressive, 

autosomal dominant condition that is distinguished by the 

triad of

•arterial tortuosity and aneurysms,

•hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes), and

•bifid uvula or cleft palate.

►Classic triad in Gardner's Syndrome:

colonic polyps

bone tumors

soft tissue tumors

►Borchardt's triad

epigastric pain, nausea, inability to pass nasogastric tube..

seen in gastric volvulus

►Triad of shaken baby syndrome:

•subdural

•hematoma , retinal hemorrhage , and

•cerebral oedema.

►Beck's cognitive triad is a triad of types of negative thought present in depression:

•The self (i.e., self is worthless)

•The world/environment (i.e., world is unfair), and

•The future (i.e., future is hopeless).

►Felty triad

•Neutropenia

•RA

•SPlenomegaly

►Behcet's syndrome

The clinical triad of uveitis with recurrent oral and genital ulcers--

►Macdonald triad

The Macdonald triad is a set of three behavioral 

characteristics which are associated with sociopathic

behavior. These behavioral characteristics are found in the

childhood histories of individuals with sociopathic behavior:

•Enuresis (bedwetting)

•Firesetting

•Torturing small animals

►MARSHALL'S TRIAD, when considering the pathology of

trauma of bomb explosions. The triad includes

•punctate-bruises,

•abrasions and

•small punctate lacerations all of which are typically found in 

an explosive bomb blast. Although many similarities exist 

between injury patterns seen in lightning and concussive 

injuries, Marshall's Triad findings are not typically found in 

lightning strike injuries.

►Van der Hoeve syndrome presents with the triad of 

•osteogenesis imperfecta,

•otosclerosis and

•blue sclera.

►Classical triad of Aortic stenosis(valvular dx)-

• dyspnea,

• angina and

• syncope.

►the classic Rigler's triad of gallstone ileus:

• pneumobilia;

• small bowel obstruction; and

• an ectopic gallstone

►VIRchow’s triad for venous thrombosis:

Vascular trauma

Increased coagulability

Reduced blood flow

►Mackler's triad which includes

• chest pain,

• vomiting and

• subcutaneous emphysema,

while classical, is only present in 14% of

people with Boerhaave syndrome .

►Ohashi triad:

• Neoplasms with mucin hyper— production,

• dilatation of the duct of Wirsung, and

• protruding papilla (the Ohashi triad)

►Abnormalities in Congenital Rubella: Triad of Gregg :

• cataract,

• deafness, and

• heart defect

►Currarino syndrome (or triad) is defined as a partial sacral 

agenesis associated with a presacral mass and ano-rectal 

malformation.

►Triad of alkaptonuria

• Homogentistic aciduria

• Black pigmentation of cartilage and collagenous tissue

• Ochronotic arthritis

►Dieulafoy's triad::

• Hypersensitivity of the skin,

• tenderness and

• muscular contraction at McBurney's point in acute 

appendicitis.

►Triad of somatostatinoma:-

• Diabetes mellitus

• Steatorrhoea 

• CholecystolithiasisChat Conversation End