Lipoproteins and apoproteins

Lipoproteins and apoproteins

Hey guys!
We have always had difficulty remembering lipoproteins and apoproteins and stuff.. And what

 makes it simpler? Mnemonics!

After you eat, dietary trigylcerides is transported via chylomicrons from the intestine to the adipose tissue.
VLDL carries endogenous triglycerides from the liver to the peripheral tissues.

Both triglyceride transporters contain apoB

Chylomicrons have micro
Micro means small
So they have a small number, that is, apoB 48

VLDL have the larger number, apoB 100

apoC II is a Cofactor for lipoprotein lipase
Which hydrolyzes the triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
LIpoprotein LIpase is activated by InsuLIn

apoE helps in rEmnant uptake by lEvEr (Liver =P )

Chylomicron (B48, C-II, E) > Chylomicron remnant (B48, E)
 
VLDL (B100, C-II, E) > IDL (B100, E) > LDL (B100)
VLDL loses apoC-II to become IDL
IDL loses apoE to become LDL
LDL will transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues

apoA-I Activates lcAt (LCAT)
Also, I looks like l
It's on HDL
Converts cholesterol to cholesterol esters
(LCAT transfers a polyunsaturated fatty acid from 2nd carbon of glycerol to cholesterol forming lysolecithin

 and cholesterol ester)

*phew* That was work!
Let's have a look at the deficiencies now =)

So what happens if you have apoB deficiency?
No triglycerides is incorporated into VLDL and chylomicrons
Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids are low
Beta lipoprotein (LDL) is absent
Lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins (especially A and E) are poorly absorbed (steatorrhea)
Hemolytic anemia—lipid imbalance causes RBC membranes to pucker (acanthosis)

What happens in lipoprotein lipase deficiency?
Increased triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL!
(You can't breakdown triglycerides to fatty acid and glycerol for uptake)

What happens if you have a LDL receptor deficiency?
There will be and increased levels of LDL and cholesterol
(Because peripheral tissues can't take them without the LDL receptor)

What happens if you have LCAT deficiency?
You have increased unesterified cholesterol
(You can esterify the cholesterol you have)
You also have increased phoshatidyl choline which is a component of lecithin

That's all!

Glycogen storage diseases mnemonic

                    Glycogen storage diseases mnemonic

I was requested mnemonics for glycogen storage diseases recently so I thought I'd write about it -

Glycogen storage diseases from 1-6 are:
von Gierke's disease
Pompe's disease.
Cori's disease
Anderson’s disease
McArdles disease
Hers disease

The memory aid for remembering this one is actually a dirty mnemonic, I found it on tumbler

 (Can't remember where I read it!)

Anyway the mnemonic is -

Viagra
Pills
Cause
A
Massive
Hardon

Also, heart pumps (Pomps) blood. So that's how you can remember that the heart is affected in

 Pompe's disease!

And for the enzymes -

Glycogen storage disease type 1 mnemonic:
Geirke - Glucose 6 phosphatase. Both have a G!

Glycogen storage disease type 2 mnemonic:
The Pompe's disease mnemonic is a drag but for whoever this helps.. Do you guys know about the

 volcanic eruption in Pompeii?
The fires of Pompeii makes me think of acid (burns-fire-acid?) and how it killed children.
So acid alpha-glucosidase and affects children!

Glycogen storage disease type 3 and 4 mnemonic:
Mnemonic for Anderson’s and Cori’s is, "ABCD"
A-B(ranching)
Anderson’s - Branching enzyme.
C-D(ebranching)
Cori’s - Debranching enzyme.

Glycogen storage disease type 5 mnemonic:
Muscle phosphorylase for McArdles. Both have a M in the name!

Glycogen storage disease type 6 mnemonic:
LivHER. So Liver phosphorylase is affected in Hers disease.

That's all!